In the past 5–10 years, Venezuela has faced a severe economic crisis, precipitated by political instability and declining oil revenue. Public health provision has been affected particularly. In this Review, we assess the impact of Venezuela's health-care crisis on vector-borne diseases, and the spillover into neighbouring countries. Between 2000 and 2015, Venezuela witnessed a 359% increase in malaria cases, followed by a 71% increase in 2017 (411 586 cases) compared with 2016 (240 613). Neighbouring countries, such as Brazil, have reported an escalating trend of imported malaria cases from Venezuela, from 1538 in 2014 to 3129 in 2017. In Venezuela, active Chagas diseasetransmission has been reported, with seroprevalence in children (<10 years), estimated to be as high as 12·5% in one community tested (n=64). Dengueincidence increased by more than four times between 1990 and 2016. The estimated incidence of chikungunya during its epidemic peak is 6975 cases per 100 000 people and that of Zika virus is 2057 cases per 100 000 people. The re-emergence of many vector-borne diseases represents a public health crisis in Venezuela and has the possibility of severely undermining regional disease elimination efforts. National, regional, and global authorities must take action to address these worsening epidemics and prevent their expansion beyond Venezuelan borders.

Venezuela’s tumbling economy and authoritarian rule have precipitated an unprecedented humanitarian crisis. Hyperinflation rates now exceed 45,000%, and Venezuela’s health system is in free fall. The country is experiencing a massive exodus of biomedical scientists and qualified healthcare professionals. Reemergence of arthropod-borne and vaccine-preventable diseases has sparked serious epidemics that also affect neighboring countries. In this article, we discuss the ongoing epidemics of measles and diphtheria in Venezuela and their disproportionate impact on indigenous populations. We also discuss the potential for reemergence of poliomyelitis and conclude that action to halt the spread of vaccine-preventable diseases within Venezuela is a matter of urgency for the country and the region. We further provide specific recommendations for addressing this crisis.

Utilizando diversas fuentes —como su diario personal cuando era una niña de once años en un colegio católico— y una amplia variedad de entrevistas a mujeres colombianas, Elena Garcés crea un análisis intelectual y erudito de las estructuras patriarcales sobre las cuales se basa la mayoría de las comunidades en el mundo. En Las mujeres colombianas, Garcés examina la cultura, la historia, la economía, las leyes y la religión en el país, al tiempo que promueve ideas que dilapidan la restricción forzada a la que se han visto sometidas las mujeres de esa sociedad. Con las historias de vida de dieciocho mujeres colombianas como punto de partida, la autora explora sus experiencias y sufrimientos en el contexto de la vida familiar y las instituciones sociales. Las mujeres colombianas es un importante estudio, ideal para estudiantes universitarios en los campos de estudios de la mujer, estudios latinoamericanos, religión, antropología y sociología.

El régimen jurídico sobre la propiedad y los demás derechos reales, así como los diversos elementos de interés que son el objeto de tales derechos, si bien mantiene su enfoque filosófico primario, ha sufrido transformaciones fundamentales en su modo de ejercicio, especialmente por la dinámica que le imprimen la reglamentación de las leyes y las decisiones jurisprudenciales, que exigen una actualización permanente de los textos de enseñanza y consulta e hicieron necesaria esta segunda edición, en la que, además de poner al día el contenido, se hicieron las correcciones y subsanaron vacíos que se advirtieron en la edición precedente.

Comprende este trabajo la determinación y clasificación de los bienes, incluyendo aquellos otros elementos que, por falta de rigor intelectual de legisladores y juristas de todos los tiempos, terminaron recibiendo un tratamiento similar al que el Derecho dio a las cosas físicas. Se estudia luego el régimen de la propiedad y los demás derechos subjetivos de carácter real, con la explicación de los medios de obtención, conservación, trasmisión, extinción y prueba.

Si bien la exposición está concebida como herramienta de información y comprensión de los aspectos fundamentales en esta área del Derecho Civil, se ha tratado de abarcar la mayor cantidad de asuntos de interés para el estudioso y se señalan, sin cortapisas reverenciales, las falencias o vacíos que pueden apreciarse en el sistema jurídico o en las soluciones doctrinarias o jurisprudenciales en puntos determinados, dejando abierto el espacio a la crítica.

In our increasingly globalized world, we are more exposed to diverse people and cultures than ever before, making lay belief systems about cross-cultural influences as well as consequences of those beliefs for intercultural attitudes important to study. Over the past decade, there has been increasing immigration to Colombia, making it a particularly important place in which to understand people’s attitudes and intentions toward individuals from other countries. We previously found in the Philippines and the us that endorsement of polyculturalism —the belief that different racial and ethnic groups influence and are connected to each other— is associated to a range of positive intergroup attitudes. In the current research, we have built on these past findings to contribute to our understanding of intercultural dynamics in Latin America, exploring polyculturalism in a cross-sectional survey study with 423 adults born and living in Colombia. We found that endorsement of polyculturalism was associated to more positive attitudes toward people from other countries and greater friendship intentions toward immigrants from other countries moving to Colombia, while controlling for social dominance orientation, national identification, and feelings toward the self. We also found that there were mean differences in people’s attitudes and friendship intentions toward people from different countries, based on type and level of cultural influence. But, type of country, social dominance orientation, and national identification did not moderate associations of polyculturalism with attitudes and friendship intentions, which suggests that these associations are consistent. Future directions and implications of polyculturalism for understanding intergroup relations around the world are discussed.

Introduction: Sexual aggression (sa) is a public health problem present throughout the life of people, for this reason it is necessary to know its magnitude and scope. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of empirical studies that include information on the prevalence of sexual aggression in undergraduate students. Materials and Methods: Two authors independently searched for publications between 2008-2018 in the Scopus®, Web of Science®, Scielo®, Redalyc® and Eric® databases. As inclusion criteria, empirical studies that report the prevalence of victimization and/or perpetration of sexual aggression in students since their admission to the university were considered. The evaluation was carried out independently by two evaluators who determined the risk of bias. In total, 35 articles were selected that met the inclusion criteria. Used methodology, sample sizes, measurement instruments, prevalence of victimization-perpetration of sexual aggression and perpetrator-victim relationship are indicated. Results: Although there are differences between the studies analyzed, the results indicate that unwanted sexual contact is the most frequent type of sexual aggression in both victimization and perpetration; however, several studies did not perform this subdivision and showed only general data of some type of sexual aggression. Discussion: The findings of the estimation of prevalence of sexual aggression and its subtypes in undergraduates since they enter university life are discussed, as well as future considerations related to terminology unification that allows to estimate more precise figures of the types of sexual aggression.